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???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????.
??? ??? ?? "??? ???????" ?????? ?? ???? ???? (??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????) ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ("???? ???? ??????" ??4)? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? 25 / 8 / 651 ?. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? 31 ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????????. ???? ??? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? 148 ??? ?????? ?? ??? 651 ??? ??? 798 ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 39 ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????(1)? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????. ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? 49 ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? 200 ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? (??? 968 ?) ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? (??? 1168 ?)(2).
???? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? (??????) ?????????? ????????(??????? ??????) ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.
??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????. ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? (?????? ??? ????)? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? (????? ???? ??? ???). ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????(3). ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? "?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????"? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? "???????"? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? (??? 627 ?)(4). ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????. ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????.
????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? 1949?. ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????. ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????.
2 – ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????
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???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? (1522 – 1566 ?)? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? (1522 – 1597 ?) ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????.
2) ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????
??? ???? ??? 1911? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????. ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? (1908)? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? (1906)? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? (1906)? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? (???? ??????? ????????? ??? 1928)? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? (?????? ??? ???? ??? 1925)? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? (1928)? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????(1930)(5). ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????.
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?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ??? 1946? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????.
???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? 1956? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??? 1958? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? (?? ??? 1962 ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????)? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????.
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??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? 1982 "???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????" ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? "?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????"? ??????? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? "???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????" ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? "???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????" ??? 1985? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????.
?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????. ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? 1988 ???? 1997. ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ????????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????.
????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? 1987? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? – ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? 1990? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? 1995 ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? 1995? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? 1997? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????. ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????.
2) ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????
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????? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? 1955. ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? 4 ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? 2- 3 ?????.
?) ??????? ????????
??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????????. ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???. ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????.
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???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????.
4 – ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????
???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? "?????? ?????? ???????" ?"????? ???????" ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?"??? ???????" ?? "????? ??????? ??????? ?????????" ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???.
1) ????: ???? ????????? ??? ??????: "??????? ???????? ???????"? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? 1995? ? 48 – 52.
2) ????: ??? ????: "????????? ?????? ??????? ??????"? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? 1982? ? 128.
3) ????: "????? ????? ??????" ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? 1980? ? 12.
4) ????: ?? ????: "??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????" ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? 2000? ? 91- 102? ?? ???????: "???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??" ?? ???? "???????? ????????" 1999? ????? ???5.
5) ????: ?? ???????: "????? ??????? ?? ?????"? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? 1998? ? 720- 725.
????? ????? / ????? 2005 /
