Close contacts of confirmed cases of the novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia should be put under medical quarantine for 14 days since last contact with the patient. When quarantined at home, close contacts should keep in touch with medical workers, watch for their symptoms and learn more about home health care. It is also necessary to follow precautions on hand washing, ventilation, epidemic prevention and disinfection in homes. Suggestions on home quarantine are as follows.
I. Close contacts should stay in well-ventilated single rooms while refusing all visits.
II. Restrict the activities of close contacts, and minimize their shared spaces with household members. Keep such shared spaces as kitchen and bathroom well ventilated with windows open.
III. Household members should not live in the same room with close contacts. If not possible, keep a distance of at least one meter. Mothers can continue breastfeeding their infants.
IV. Household members should wear a mask covering mouth and nose before entering the living spaces of close contacts. Do not touch or adjust the mask in the living space and replace the mask once it turns moist or dirty with secretions. Wash hands immediately after removing and discarding the mask.
V. Clean hands after one has any direct contact with or leaves the living space of close contacts. Hand washing is also necessary before preparing food, before meals, and after using the toilet. Use alcohol-based hand sanitizer if one’s hands are not visibly dirty while wash with soap and running water otherwise. Follow safety instructions. Guard against accidental ingestion of and fire caused by sanitizers.
VI. Wash hands with soap and water and then wipe them with a disposable handkerchief. If not available, use a towel. Replace the towel when it becomes wet.
VII. The materials used to cover your nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing should be discarded, or washed immediately. Handkerchiefs can be washed with soap or detergent and running water.
VIII. Household members should minimize contact with close contacts and their items. Avoid sharing toothbrushes, cigarettes, tableware, food, drinks, towels, bath towels, and bed sheets. Tableware should be washed with detergent and water.
IX. Use disinfectants containing chlorine or peracetic acid to clean and disinfect all frequently touched surfaces such as bedside tables, bed frames and other bedroom furniture. Bathrooms and toilets should be cleaned and disinfected at least once a day.
X. Wash the person’s clothes, sheets, bath towels and towels with soap and water or by a washing machine at 60-90 degrees Celsius with detergent and then get the items dried. Put bedding used by close contacts in a laundry bag. Avoid direct contact with one’s skin and clothes.
XI. Wear disposable gloves and protective clothing such as a plastic apron before cleaning and touching surfaces of items, clothing, or bedding that have on them secretions from close contacts. Clean and disinfect hands before wearing gloves and after removing them.
XII. Seek prompt medical attention in case close contacts develop suspicious symptoms. Such symptoms include fever, cough, pharyngalgia, chest distress, dyspnea, mildly poor appetite, fatigue, mild lethargy, nausea, diarrhea, headache, palpitation, conjunctivitis, and mildly sore limb or back muscles, etc. Specific suggestions are as follows:
1. Wear a surgical or N95 mask.
2. If available, do not use public transportation and keep the car window open.
3. Wear a facemask and keep hands clean at all times. Stay at least one meter away from other people on the way to or in the hospital.
4. Use disinfectants containing chlorine or peracetic acid to sterilize the vehicle that is contaminated by the respiratory secretions or body fluids.
病例密切接觸者的居家醫(yī)學觀察指南
新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎確診病例的密切接觸者應從和病人接觸的最后一天起采取醫(yī)學觀察14天。在家中觀察期間需與醫(yī)學觀察人員保持聯(lián)系，并需要了解病情觀察和護理要點，掌握家庭預防的洗手、通風、防護和消毒措施。
在居家醫(yī)學觀察期間的具體建議如下：
（一）將密切接觸者安置在通風良好的單人房間，拒絕一切探訪。
（二）限制密切接觸者活動，最小化密切接觸者和家庭成員活動共享區(qū)域。確保共享區(qū)域（廚房、浴室等）通風良好（保持窗戶開啟）。
（三）家庭成員應住在不同房間，如條件不允許，和密切接觸者至少保持1米距離。哺乳期母親可繼續(xù)母乳喂養(yǎng)嬰兒。
（四）其他家庭成員進入密切接觸者居住空間時應佩戴口罩，口罩需緊貼面部，在居住空間中不要觸碰和調(diào)整口罩?？谡忠蚍置谖镒儩瘛⒆兣K，必須立即更換。摘下并丟棄口罩之后，進行雙手清洗。
（五）與密切接觸者有任何直接接觸，或離開密接接觸者居住空間后，需清潔雙手。準備食物、飯前便后也均應清潔雙手。如果雙手不是很臟，可用酒精免洗液清潔。如雙手比較臟，則使用肥皂和清水清洗。（注意酒精使用安全，如意外吞食用或引發(fā)火災）。
（六）使用肥皂和清水洗手時，最好使用一次性擦手紙。如果沒有，用潔凈的毛巾擦拭，毛巾變濕時需要更換。
（七）偶然咳嗽或打噴嚏時用來捂住口鼻的材料可直接丟棄，或者使用之后正確清洗（如用普通的肥皂/洗滌劑和清水清洗手帕）。
（八）家屬應盡量減少與密切接觸者及其用品接觸。如避免共用牙刷、香煙、餐具、飯菜、飲料、毛巾、浴巾、床單等。餐具使用后應使用洗滌劑和清水清洗。
（九）推薦使用含氯消毒劑和過氧乙酸消毒劑，每天頻繁清潔、消毒家庭成員經(jīng)常觸碰的物品，如床頭柜、床架及其他臥室家具。至少每天清潔、消毒浴室和廁所表面一次。
（十）使用普通洗衣皂和清水清洗密切接觸者衣物、床單、浴巾、毛巾等，或者用洗衣機以60-90攝氏度和普通家用洗衣液清洗，然后完全干燥上述物品。將密切接觸者使用的床品放入洗衣袋。不要甩動衣物，避免直接接觸皮膚和自己的衣服。
（十一）戴好一次性手套和保護性衣物（如塑料圍裙）再去清潔和觸碰被密切接觸者的人體分泌物污染的物體表面、衣物或床品。戴手套前、脫手套后要進行雙手清潔及消毒。
（十二）若確診病例的密切接觸者出現(xiàn)可疑癥狀，包括發(fā)熱、咳嗽、咽痛、胸悶、呼吸困難、輕度納差、乏力、精神稍差、惡心嘔吐、腹瀉、頭痛、心慌、結(jié)膜炎、輕度四肢或腰背部肌肉酸痛等，應立即就醫(yī)。具體指導建議如下：
1.前往醫(yī)院的路上，病人應該佩戴醫(yī)用外科口罩或N95口罩。
2.如果可以，避免乘坐公共交通工具前往醫(yī)院，路上打開車窗。
3.時刻佩戴口罩和隨時保持手衛(wèi)生。在路上和醫(yī)院時，盡可能遠離其他人（至少1米）。
4.若路途中污染了交通工具，建議使用含氯消毒劑或過氧乙酸消毒劑，對所有被呼吸道分泌物或體液污染的表面進行消毒。
