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Promoting Family Planning with Quality Services for Reproductive
Health
In order to keep a low fertility level, it is necessary to continue
the present family planning policy and follow the effective working
principles in implementing population and family planning program.
The population regulation and management system should be introduced
in line with the socialist market economy. The grassroots work should
be intensified and favorable conditions actively created so that
the population and family planning program can be integrated with
the community management system and the comprehensive service network.
Priorities should be given to the family planning program in the
central and western rural areas so that a balanced regional development
can be realized. It is also necessary to reform and improve the
population management system of the program objectives, so that
the way of thinking and the working style with regard to the family
planning program can be improved.
Quality services should be greatly promoted. Emphasis should be
put on information, education, communication, contraception and
regular services. It is necessary to disseminate knowledge on science
and offer quality services to people in their daily life and childbearing
matters, so as to meet their needs in family planning and reproductive
health, thus promoting human development in a comprehensive way.
It is also necessary to develop industries related to reproductive
health. Quality of the products for reproductive health should be
improved, transformation of high-tech achievements speeded up, and
research on reproductive health enhanced with the establishment
of industrial bases. With the product mix optimized, new technology
and products should be introduced. Market management should be intensified
and market behavior standardized.
Improving the Overall Quality of the Entire People of the Nation
In order to improve the quality of newborn babies, it is essential
to improve the health of women and children by promoting the maternal
and child health care. Knowledge on bearing and rearing better children
should be publicized and supported by pre-marital medical check-up,
antenatal diagnosis, genetic counseling, prevention and treatment
of newborn babies' diseases, and other preventive technical services.
Pregnant and prenatal care should be improved, and hospitalized
delivery and breast-feeding encouraged. In this way, the maternity
and child health care can be improved with birth defects reduced.
In order to improve the people's health, it is necessary to strengthen
construction of the rural health service networks based upon the
primary health care clinics. Medical security system at various
levels should also be established and improved. It is also necessary
to conduct health education among farmers, with a view to improving
their sense of health and the ability of self-health care. Physical
exercises should be widely promoted for the sake of the people's
health. Efforts should be made to improve the people's living environment
and conduct psychological consultations so as to improve their physical
and mental health. Health services should be enhanced in the periods
of adolescence, pregnancy, maternity, menopause and old age so that
people's living standard and their quality of life are improved.
Strenuous efforts should be made to check the spreading of AIDS
and other sexually transmitted diseases.
In order to raise the people's educational level, it is essential
to develop basic education, vocational education, adult education
and education for the aged. The rate of illiteracy should be further
reduced. The right to education of the minors, women, ethnic minorities,
the handicapped and the poverty-stricken people should be protected.
The reform of education should be further carried out alongside
with the promotion of quality education, thus improving the sense
of creation and the ability to deal with actual things. The nine-year
compulsory education and anti-illiteracy campaign among the young
and the middle-aged should be continued so that senior middle school
education and education of higher learning can be expanded. The
system of continuing education should also be improved so that a
life-long educational system could be gradually established.
In order to raise the people's ideological and moral standards,
it is necessary to enhance the people's sense of law and concept
of rule by law. Outmoded regulations and bad habits as well as old
backward ideology should be changed and superstitions discarded.
At the same time, healthy values, moral standards, good public opinions
on culture and social practices are to be encouraged. Great importance
should be attached to the healthy development of youngsters by providing
them with colorful and meaningful cultural and educational activities.
The young people's understanding of morality should be strengthened
so that their improper behaviors could be avoided.
Safeguarding the Rights and Interests of Women and Children
Women's rights to work should be safeguarded. They should enjoy
the equal rights with man in business management and operation.
Women's economic status should be enhanced, and their fields of
work expanded so that they enjoy more working opportunity and higher
quality of work. We insure women's rights to get proper payment,
to have holidays, to enjoy good working conditions and social security
and to be protected in special labor.
Safeguarding the political, social, and cultural rights of women.
Efforts should be made to realize the equality between men and women
and optimize the environment for women's development by eliminating
discrimination against women; safeguard women's rights to participate
in political and social affairs and to receive education; encourage
women's self-esteem, self-confidence and independence, creating
conditions for their participation in management and decision-making
process; promote a new type of family relations by reducing the
burden of housework for women. Protect the special interests of
the adolescents, the elderly and disabled women; and crack down
on crimes such as violence, trafficking and prostitution, insuring
the personal safety and property rights of women.
Safeguarding women's rights to childbearing in accordance with
the law. Efforts should be made to enhance women's understanding
of health care and guide their ideas on marriage and childbearing;
safeguard women's rights of marriage, family and childbearing and
the rights during the period of menses, pregnancy and maternity;
strengthen the publicity and education of man's role and responsibility
in carrying out family planning and raising children and improve
women's rights of decision making in family; held health check-up,
prevention and treatment of reproductive tract infections to women
on a regular basis, insuring much-needed lifelong medical service
for women at different stages of their life. Meanwhile, efforts
should be made to cover the cost of contraception, fertility regulation,
and childbearing by pooling various capital resources; and insure
preliminary health care and reasonable subsidy for women in their
childbearing period. Any discrimination against women giving birth
to female baby or women of infertility is forbidden.
Helping women relieve from their poverty. To carry out scientific
and technical training should be carried out for women to improve
their ability to wipe out poverty. Care should be taken to the orphaned
or disabled girls and single elderly women with no legal guardian,
no working ability and means to make a living both in urban and
rural areas.
Safeguarding the rights and interests of children. Efforts should
be made to safeguard children's rights to subsistence, development,
be protected, and participate by optimizing children's living environment;
ensure the all-round development of children by cultivating both
their mind and body. The whole society should be mobilized to help
girl child, disabled girls, children in single parent families and
in poverty, and street children. Any action of maltreating, drowning
and discarding girls is forbidden, and such crimes as mistreatment
and trafficking of children ought to be severely punished.
Optimizing Labor Resources
Pressing ahead with urbanization. Efforts should be made to strengthen
construction of urban infrastructure and service section, enhance
the quality of urban construction and development, and optimize
urban industrial structure. Special efforts should be made to stress
the development of small and medium-sized cities, improve the function
of regional central cities, and develop the area surrounding large
cities. A plan should be mapped out for small towns, cities and
villages reasonably distributed. Regional economic and cultural
centers will be exploited to build a nationwide system coordinated
development of small towns and cities, medium-sized and large cities.
Promoting orderly migration of people. Efforts should be made to
set up a unified, open, competitive, and orderly labor market; reform
the residence registration policy in cities and towns, and gradually
change the policy concerning change in residency in large and medium-sized
cities, so that the rights of people to move and chose jobs freely
can be guaranteed and the redistribution of human resources between
cities and countryside and among various regions can be realized;
and provide various services for migratory people by reforming the
management system and setting up efficient management network based
on where the migratory people live and work.
Increasing employment opportunities. Reform labor system and expand
employment opportunities and improve the job structure. Further
develop labor-intensive industries and actively develop collective
and private enterprises so as to provide more jobs. Set up labor
system of different stages, and promote flexible and varied forms
of employment. Develop labor market, consummate employment services,
strengthen job training, and set up a market-oriented labor system.
Set up a social security system that will cover all the working
people and develop a favorable social environment conducive to the
self-development of the working people.
Reducing Poverty
Implementing the strategy for the development of the western regions.
The policy of slow-down population growth, enhancement of population
quality, equitable distribution of population, and the development
of human resources should be incorporated into the said strategy
so that a coordinated development of economy and population can
be reached. Measures should be taken for the east to help the west,
for cities to help the countryside, and for developed regions to
help the underdeveloped areas. The policy of helping the poverty-stricken
people should be made in accordance with the reasons of poverty
in different times and regions. The goal should be switched from
relieving the poverty-stricken people of lack of food and clothes
to helping improve the level of social and economic development
of poverty-stricken area. A special policy should be implemented
to help the impoverished regions improve their capability for self-development
by providing fiscal subsidies, project investment, developing science,
technology and education, improving ecological environment, and
exporting labor.
Reducing the population living under poverty line in countryside.
Efforts should be made to strengthen the work of relieving poverty
by developing economy, science and technology, education, and family
planning. The poverty alleviation program should focus on helping
the people with the lowest income and the poverty-stricken regions
with relatively dense population by improving conditions for living
and production, increasing the role of science and technology in
agricultural development, and producing market-oriented products
and expanding the market. We will realize the goal of popularizing
education, improving the level of medicare and the quality of people,
and strengthening the ability of personal development. Social security
system can be set up gradually in regions with good conditions so
as to reduce the rate of falling back to poverty again.
Preventing pauperization of urban citizens. We will gradually set
up and consummate poverty-relief system in cities and carry out
the project of reemployment by expanding the ways of employment.
We will consummate the basic insurance for the elderly, health care,
unemployment insurance and the system of insuring basic living standard
for city residents; widely set up working safety insurance and reproduction
insurance to relieve the working risks; set up working rehabilitation
system to help the injured workers regain the ability to work; set
up a social security network of various levels, by encouraging people
to help each other and engage in charity, and develop commercial
insurance.
Guarantee the rights of the elderly
Establishing and improving the elderly support system. The old-age
welfare service system should be based on the family supply, supported
by the community welfare service and supplemented by the social
welfare organizations. We will set up and improve the basic insurance
system for the elderly in the cities and towns while mainly adhering
to family-based insurance of the elderly in the rural areas. Meanwhile,
we should further upgrade the social assistance as well as the "five-guarantee"
supply mechanism focusing on guaranteeing food, clothing, housing,
medicare and burial service; and gradually establish insurance system
combining the country, society, family and individual so as to promote
the wholesomeness and the life quality of the old people.
Creating the sound social environment for protecting the rights
and interests of the aged. Efforts should be made to set up and
improve the policies, regulations and laws for protecting the rights
and interests of the old people, strengthen the supervision by law-enforcement,
and fight against the unlawful behavior such as abusing, forsaking
and persecuting the old people; carry forward such Chinese traditional
virtues as respecting and loving the aged, ensuring their access
to the economic supply, medical care, appropriate treatment, study
and education, cultural entertainment while providing the old people
with a pleasant, warm and peaceful living environment. The old people
should be encouraged to learn science and culture, give full scope
to their potentials participating into the social life, and cultivate
independence and self-assistance.
Striving to develop industry for the elderly. Efforts should be
made to study and develop the products that meet the material and
cultural needs of the old people, encourage and lead the development
of the market centering on the old-age household consumption; develop
the old-age insurance socialized service by industrializing the
establishment and development of the social service facilities and
network; adopt some preferential measures with regard to taxation
and loans to raise funds in a multiple way to develop the industry
for the elderly.
Improve the Ecological Environment for Human Settlement
Strengthening people's awareness of the coordinated development
of population, resources and environment. Efforts should be made
to promote the all-round layout of slow-down population growth,
environmental protection and resource exploitation to enhance the
three above-mentioned factors' support for the economic development,
change people's traditional way of thinking and behavior, and take
measures such as "putting prevention first, making those who cause
pollution to be responsible for treating it and strengthening environmental
management" to put an end to the situation in which environment
is deteriorating and improve urban and rural environment. Measures
should be taken to improve the economic compensation system for
paid use of the natural resources and the renewal of resources,
enhance the comprehensive use rate of resources and economic profits,
stop the destructive exploitation of natural resources, alleviate
the controversy between the explosive population, the economic growth
and the limitation of the resources.
Altering the way of life and production. The over-consumption of
resources, heavy-pollution, unsustainable way of life and production
should be changed to make way for a resource-saving and environmentally-friendly
consumption structure and way of production in favor of the sustainable
development.
Protecting the eco-environment in key areas. Efforts should be
made to specially protect and improve the ecological environment
where human and environmental resources clash sharply. With the
city's functional areas built scientifically and rationally, sewage
and garbage will be disposed centrally, and clean energy will be
adopted to help minimize air pollution. Land, the arable land in
particular should be used reasonably and economically. Strong measures
will be taken to strengthen the building of the urban environmental
infrastructure, regulate industrial structure and lay-out, shun
the unpromising way of "first pollution, last treatment", strengthen
the prevention and control of the pollution in major river valleys
to ensure the security of the drinking water of the inhabitants.
Measures should be taken to stop predatory development, and return
what have been seized from lakes, forests and grasslands to them,
push forward the work of planting trees and grass, treat soil erosion,
prevent and control the desertification, establish ecological agriculture,
strengthen the protection of natural resources such as arable land,
water, forest, grassland and bio-diversity conservation.
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