Deeper reform of the Party and state apparatus

Since the start of reform and opening up, Party organizations and state agencies have undergone continuous restructuring as part of the overall reform process. Party organizations have had four rounds of reform, introduced in 1982, 1988, 1993 and 1999. Agencies of the State Council have had seven rounds of reform, which took place in 1982, 1988, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2013. As a result, there have been major changes in government functions to reflect the transition from a planned economy to a socialist market economy.

A decision and an action plan on deeper reform of the Party and state apparatus, unveiled by the 19th CPC Central Committee at its third plenary session in February 2018, represent the opening salvo in further reforming Party organizations and state agencies. This new round of reform aims to modernize and improve the national governance structure and capabilities, so as to ensure and strengthen the Party's leadership role in all aspects of national governance. It also helps rationalize the division of government responsibilities at both central and local levels to ensure better synergy between different levels of government.

The objective of this reform is to build a comprehensive, rational and efficient structure of Party and state institutions, consisting of a Party leadership framework that provides overall direction and coordination, a law-based governance system for the government with clearly defined responsibilities, and world-class armed forces. This structure will feature mechanisms that interact with and serve the public, and ensure coordinated action and synergy between the People's Congress, the government at all levels, the CPPCC committees, oversight bodies, courts, prosecutors' offices, businesses, public institutions, non-governmental organizations and other social actors, so as to improve overall national governance. We will pursue this reform while bearing in mind our first and second centennial goals.

This reform will proceed under the overall leadership of the Party, and be informed by a people-centered approach, with a focus on enhancing synergy and promoting the rule of law.

The process involves strengthening the mechanism that ensures the Party's leadership role in all aspects of national governance, and improving the government structure and the division of functions. It also entails reorganizing institutions across the Party, the government, the armed forces and society as a whole in an integrated manner, rationalizing local governance structure, and promoting law-based practices.  

深化黨和國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)改革

改革開放以來，黨和國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)改革不斷推進(jìn)，構(gòu)成改革開放偉大實(shí)踐的重要內(nèi)容。黨中央部門于1982年、1988年、1993年、1999年集中進(jìn)行了4次改革，國(guó)務(wù)院機(jī)構(gòu)于1982年、1988年、1993年、1998年、2003年、2008年、2013年集中進(jìn)行了7次改革，實(shí)現(xiàn)了從計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下的機(jī)構(gòu)職能體系向社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下的機(jī)構(gòu)職能體系的重大轉(zhuǎn)變。2018年2月，黨的十九屆三中全會(huì)審議通過了《中共中央關(guān)于深化黨和國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)改革的決定》和《深化黨和國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)改革方案》，正式拉開深化黨和國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)改革的序幕。深化黨和國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)改革是推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化的一場(chǎng)深刻變革，目標(biāo)是全面提高國(guó)家治理能力和治理水平，關(guān)鍵是確保黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全覆蓋，確保黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有力，并提出要理順中央和地方職責(zé)關(guān)系，更好發(fā)揮中央和地方兩個(gè)積極性。

改革的目標(biāo)是：構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)完備、科學(xué)規(guī)范、運(yùn)行高效的黨和國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)職能體系，形成總攬全局、協(xié)調(diào)各方的黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體系，職責(zé)明確、依法行政的政府治理體系，中國(guó)特色、世界一流的武裝力量體系，聯(lián)系廣泛、服務(wù)群眾的群團(tuán)工作體系，推動(dòng)人大、政府、政協(xié)、監(jiān)察機(jī)關(guān)、審判機(jī)關(guān)、檢察機(jī)關(guān)、人民團(tuán)體、企事業(yè)單位、社會(huì)組織等在黨的統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下協(xié)調(diào)行動(dòng)、增強(qiáng)合力，全面提高國(guó)家治理能力和治理水平。既要立足于實(shí)現(xiàn)第一個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)，又要著眼于實(shí)現(xiàn)第二個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)。

改革的原則是：堅(jiān)持黨的全面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)持以人民為中心，堅(jiān)持優(yōu)化協(xié)同高效，堅(jiān)持全面依法治國(guó)。

改革的主要內(nèi)容是：完善堅(jiān)持黨的全面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的制度，優(yōu)化政府機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置和職能配置，統(tǒng)籌黨政軍群機(jī)構(gòu)改革，合理設(shè)置地方機(jī)構(gòu)，推進(jìn)機(jī)構(gòu)編制法定化。