The Decisive Role of the Market in Resource Allocation

At the third plenary session held in November 2013, the 18th CPC Central Committee stated that the market should play a decisive role in resource allocation. Letting the market determine resource allocation is a general law of economics, and it is also the essence of a market economy. So the process of refining a socialist market economy must abide by this law.

Efforts are needed to address such problems as the imperfections in the market system, excessive government interventions, and supervision that falls short, so as to maximize benefits and optimize efficiency by promoting the mechanisms which rely on the market to allocate resources.

The idea of letting the market play a decisive role in resource allocation is a continuation and extension of the concept of letting it play a “fundamental role,” a concept which had been used for the previous 20 years. This new formulation helps the entire Party and entire society to correctly understand the relationship between the government and the market; it helps transform the mode of economic development; it helps transform government functions; and it helps constrain negativity and corruption.

The market is, of course, an “invisible hand” as well as a “merciless whip.” It creates competition and initiative in socioeconomic activities, but at the same time, its spontaneity and blindness can result in market failures, making it necessary for the government’s “visible hand” to play a role. The government’s responsibility and function are primarily to maintain macroeconomic stability, to improve and optimize public services, to ensure fair competition, to strengthen market oversight, to maintain market order, to foster sustainable development, and to promote joint prosperity, thereby compensating for market failures.

To let the market play the decisive role in resource allocation and the government play its role better – this is a major issue both in theory and practice. An accurate understanding of this issue is significant to furthering reform and promoting the sound and orderly development of the socialist market economy.

市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用

2013年11月召開的中共十八屆三中全會(huì)提出，使市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用。市場(chǎng)決定資源配置是市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的一般規(guī)律，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)本質(zhì)上就是市場(chǎng)決定資源配置的經(jīng)濟(jì)。健全社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制必須遵循這條規(guī)律，著力解決市場(chǎng)體系不完善、政府干預(yù)過多和監(jiān)管不到位問題，推動(dòng)資源配置依據(jù)市場(chǎng)機(jī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)效益最大化和效率最優(yōu)化。做出“使市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用”的定位，是對(duì)此前沿用20多年的“使市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起基礎(chǔ)性作用”這一提法的繼承和發(fā)展，有利于在全黨全社會(huì)樹立關(guān)于政府和市場(chǎng)關(guān)系的正確觀念，有利于轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，有利于抑制消極腐敗現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)然，市場(chǎng)這只“無形的手”在使整個(gè)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)更加活躍的同時(shí)，也會(huì)由于其自發(fā)性、盲目性造成市場(chǎng)失靈，需要政府這只“有形的手”來發(fā)揮作用。政府的職責(zé)和作用主要是保持宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定，加強(qiáng)和優(yōu)化公共服務(wù)，保障公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，加強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管，維護(hù)市場(chǎng)秩序，推動(dòng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，促進(jìn)共同富裕。使市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用、更好發(fā)揮政府作用，既是一個(gè)重大理論命題，又是一個(gè)重大實(shí)踐命題。科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)這一命題，準(zhǔn)確把握其內(nèi)涵，對(duì)全面深化改革、推動(dòng)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)健康有序發(fā)展具有重大意義。