懸崖效應(yīng)

在脫貧攻堅(jiān)實(shí)踐中，一些地方自覺(jué)不自覺(jué)地把扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)拔高，甚至不同地區(qū)之間互相攀比看誰(shuí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高，對(duì)貧困戶做了一些不切實(shí)際的承諾，設(shè)置的地方性考核指標(biāo)明顯超過(guò)了“兩不愁三保障”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這些做法使得貧困戶和非貧困戶待遇差距太大，出現(xiàn)“懸崖效應(yīng)”。一些地方對(duì)貧困村、貧困縣的退出，規(guī)定了很多硬性的驗(yàn)收指標(biāo)，驗(yàn)收指標(biāo)也存在層層加碼的問(wèn)題，有些指標(biāo)確實(shí)與“兩不愁三保障”，以及基本公共服務(wù)主要領(lǐng)域指標(biāo)接近全國(guó)平均水平?jīng)]有太直接的關(guān)系。這導(dǎo)致為了完成這些硬性指標(biāo)，一些貧困縣確實(shí)盡力而為，但是沒(méi)有量力而行，甚至不惜舉債搞貧困村建設(shè)，有的貧困村一次性就投入一兩千萬(wàn)元資金，貧困村和非貧困村出現(xiàn)了“懸崖效應(yīng)”。

對(duì)于這些問(wèn)題，2018年發(fā)布的《中共中央 國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)三年行動(dòng)的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》明確要求，脫貧攻堅(jiān)要量力而行，既不能降低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也不能擅自拔高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、提不切實(shí)際的目標(biāo)，避免陷入“福利陷阱”，防止產(chǎn)生貧困村和非貧困村、貧困戶和非貧困戶待遇的“懸崖效應(yīng)”，留下后遺癥。

"Abyss Consequence"

In poverty elimination, some localities have intentionally or inadvertently raised their poverty thresholds, and some have even tried to compete with others in their standards, making irrational promises to impoverished households. As a result, their local assessment norms have come to exceed the national standards for basic living needs and for access to compulsory education, basic medical services and safe housing. This has led to an unreasonable gap between poverty-stricken households and other villagers, which is known as the "abyss consequence."

Some localities have set irrational standards for poverty elimination in poor villages and poor counties, while at each level the standards are raised in evaluation. This is irrelevant to the national standards for poverty elimination and to the main indicators of basic public services. To meet such mandated requirements, some poor counties try their best, but it is beyond their actual capacity. Some even borrow funds to support their poor villages. In the worst case, 10 million to 20 million yuan has been invested in one poor village, thus creating an "abyss consequence" between poor villages and non-poor villages.

Addressing these problems, the Three-year Guideline on Winning the Battle Against Poverty, issued by the central leadership in 2018, demands that poverty elimination must be pragmatic. The standards shall neither be randomly lowered nor irrationally raised, so as to avoid the "welfare trap" and the "abyss consequence" between poor and non-poor villages and between poor and non-poor households, and other unfavorable consequences.