"On Ten Major Relationships"

In early 1956, as the socialist transformation of private ownership of the means of production was well under way, the CPC Central Committee began to shift its focus to building socialism.

From February to April 1956, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee summoned the heads of more than 30 economic ministries and departments to study the problems of socialist development. Based on opinions from various quarters, Mao Zedong delivered a report to the Supreme State Conference held in May, which was about the 10 major relationships in China. While summarizing the experience in building socialism, he set a basic policy of mobilizing all positive elements to serve socialism and expressed the idea that China should explore its own road of socialist development in light of its own conditions. This was the CPC's first venture into building socialism based on China's true conditions.

Mao talked about ways of handling the relationships between heavy industry on the one hand and light industry and agriculture on the other; between industry in the coastal regions and industry in the interior; between economic construction and defense; between the state, the units of production and individual producers; between the central authorities and the local governments; between the Han and ethnic minority groups; between the Party and the non-Party; between revolution and counter-revolution; between right and wrong; and between China and other countries.

He pointed out that correctly handling these relationships would help mobilize all positive factors, both inside and outside the Party, both at home and abroad, and make China a powerful socialist country.

"On Ten Major Relationships" demonstrated the CPC's efforts in searching for a suitable road for China's socialist development by freeing the mind and making explorations. The basic approach to building Chinese socialism gradually became clearer, with many policies being adopted to effectively promote development.

《論十大關系》

1956年年初，隨著生產資料私有制的社會主義改造不斷取得勝利，中共中央開始把黨和國家工作的著重點向社會主義建設方面轉移。1956年2月至4月間，中共中央政治局分別約集30多個經濟部門的負責人座談，討論社會主義建設中存在的各種問題。毛澤東集中大家意見，在5月召開的最高國務會議上作《論十大關系》的報告。報告總結了中國社會主義建設的經驗，提出了調動一切積極因素為社會主義建設事業服務的基本方針，對適合中國情況的社會主義建設道路進行了初步的探索，明確了建設社會主義的根本思想是必須根據本國情況走自己的道路。

報告論述的“十大關系”包括：重工業和輕工業、農業的關系，沿海工業和內地工業的關系，經濟建設和國防建設的關系，國家、生產單位和生產者個人的關系，中央和地方的關系，漢族和少數民族的關系，黨和非黨的關系，革命和反革命的關系，是非關系，中國和外國的關系。毛澤東指出，正確處理這些關系，是為了把黨內黨外、國內國外一切積極因素都調動起來，把中國建設成為一個強大的社會主義國家。

《論十大關系》展現出中國共產黨為尋找適合中國情況的建設社會主義的道路而解放思想、多方面探索的生動景象，中國社會主義建設道路的基本思路逐步清晰起來，其中許多重要方針和觀點，對于中國的發展具有重要意義。