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US-led forces mark the first anniversary of Saddam Hussein's fall on Friday fighting fierce battles with Sunni and Shi'ite Muslim rebels as Iraq plunges into the bloodiest and most chaotic period of the occupation.
On the eve of the anniversary of Baghdad's capture, 14 foreigners were reported kidnapped as new flashpoints flared across the country but seven -- all South Korean evangelical church pastors -- were later freed unharmed.
A previously unknown Iraqi group said it was holding three Japanese hostages and threatened to "burn them alive" unless Tokyo withdrew its troops from Iraq within three days.
Japan said it had no plans to pull out. "We should not give in to these despicable threats from terrorists," Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi said.
Rebels also seized two Palestinians with Israeli identity cards, shown on a video tape aired by an Iranian television station, and accused them of spying. A Briton was kidnapped in the southern town of Nassiriya. A Canadian aid worker, based in Najaf, has also been seized.
The US military said on Thursday six more soldiers had been killed over the past 48 hours, bringing to 449 the number of US troops killed in action since the start of the war.
Shi'ite militia controls two towns
The top US general in Iraq, Lieutenant General Ricardo Sanchez, acknowledged the southern towns of Najaf and Kut were in the hands of a militia loyal to radical Shi'ite Muslim cleric Moqtada al-Sadr.
US-led forces were locked in open urban warfare in the central Sunni town of Falluja, the Shi'ite shrine city of Kerbala and Abu Ghraib on the western outskirts of the capital, witnesses said.
The upsurge in violence has prompted US President Bush's critics to suggest US forces face a Viet Nam-style quagmire, but Sanchez rejected the comparison.
"I don't see any shadows of Viet Nam in Iraq," he told a news conference, a day after Washington said it might keep combat-hardened troops in Iraq longer than their scheduled tour of duty to help quell the violence.
"We have got Falluja under siege," Sanchez said, but denied US forces were depriving its people of humanitarian supplies.
Up to 300 Iraqis have been killed and at least 400 hurt in the Sunni town in the four days since US Marines began a crackdown on guerrillas, hospital director Rafi Hayad said.
The Marines launched "Operation Iron Resolve" after last week's killing and mutilation of four US private security guards showed the depth of anti-American feeling in Falluja.
Polish and Bulgarian troops in action
South of Baghdad, Polish and Bulgarian troops battled followers of Sadr in Kerbala, where hundreds of thousands of pilgrims have converged for Arbain, a major Shi'ite religious occasion.
Sanchez said Sadr's Mehdi Army militia controlled the centers of Najaf and Kut, along with police stations and public buildings, while US-led forces held bases outside the towns.
Asked if US troops would be sent to fight the Mehdi Army, he said: "We will do whatever is necessary to defeat Moqtada Sadr's forces wherever they are on the battlefield."
Forty-one American and allied soldiers and hundreds of Iraqis have been killed in this week's new two-front fighting.
Previously violence had been largely confined to Sunni areas and Washington had blamed attacks on Saddam supporters and foreign Islamic militants. Iraq's majority Shi'ites had generally been peaceful.
Bush has vowed the violence will not force the United States to retreat from Baghdad or disrupt its planned handover of power to Iraqis on June 30.
But a US opinion poll on Monday showed plunging support for Bush's handling of Iraq and signs of nervousness have emerged among some other countries with troops in the country.
About 125,000 US troops and some 20,000 from other nations are in Iraq.
The Republic of Korea said the kidnappings would not stop its plans to send 3,000 troops. But it imposed a virtual ban on travel to Iraq and said it would evacuate non-essential staff from its Baghdad embassy.
'Burn alive' threat
Al Jazeera television aired a video tape showing the three Japanese, including a woman, who are held by a group calling itself the Saraya al-Mujahideen (Mujahideen Brigades). They were in civilian clothes.
"We tell you that three of your children have fallen prisoner in our hands and we give you two options -- withdraw your forces from our country and go home or we will burn them alive and feed them to the fighters," the group said.
A Foreign Office official in London confirmed Gary Teeley had been missing since Monday. British media said the 37-year-old Briton had been working at a US air base.
Iran's Al-Alam television said the two Arabs with Israeli papers, Nabil George Yaakob Razuq and Ahmed Yassin Tikati, had been seized by a group calling itself Ansar al-Din.
Israeli cabinet minister Gideon Ezra said both men were residents of East Jerusalem, but were not Israeli citizens.
The New York-based International Rescue Committee said Canadian Fadi Fadel, 33, who ran projects helping children and young people in southern Iraq, was seized late on Tuesday.
(China Daily April 9, 2004)
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